Background German civil procedural law and, in particular, its application by the courts, have up until now offered sufficient flexibility to enable applicants to obtain preliminary injunctions without conducting an oral hearing – a special characteristic that is not found in many other jurisdictions. This is one of the reasons why, in the past, parties
On 27 June 2024, the UK government ratified the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention on the ‘Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters’ (the “Judgments Convention”). The Judgments Convention will enter into force in England and Wales on 1 July 2025 (it will not apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland). The ratification
Developments over the past decade have led to a surge in opt-out collective proceedings in the UK’s Competition Appeal Tribunal, increasingly against tech companies. In this post, we explore the factors fuelling this trend and the future developments likely to continue to fan the flames.
