Litigating against sovereign states can raise complex issues of sovereign immunity. A number of recent judgments of the English courts have touched on these issues, including In the Matter of the State Immunity Act 1978 and an Arbitration Between CC/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. & Others v. Republic of India. In that case, the Commercial Court held that
Earlier this week, the Arbitration Act 2025 (the “AA 2025”) received Royal Assent. The AA 2025 introduces significant modifications to the Arbitration Act 1996 (the “AA 1996”) in a bid to modernise and streamline the arbitral process in England and Wales, and to amplify London’s foothold as a leading arbitration hub. Although London is already
Milieudefensie v Shell In 2021, the Hague District Court ruled that, by 2030, Shell had to reduce its emissions by 45% relative to 2019 levels. The decision attracted significant commentary in both the legal and mainstream international media. Last month, Shell won its appeal and its reduction obligation was set aside. But how relevant is
